Everything You Should Know About Bacterial Vaginosis

Information is out of date

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that affects millions of people throughout the world. It is triggered by an imbalance of naturally existing bacteria in the vagina, which leads to an excess of particular bacteria. Despite its widespread prevalence, many women are still embarrassed to disclose it because of cultural stigmas associated with vaginal health. In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about bacterial vaginosis, from its causes and symptoms to its treatment and prevention.

Causes and risk factors

The underlying cause of bacterial vaginosis is unknown. However, it is thought to be associated with a disruption in the usual balance of bacteria in the vagina. In a healthy condition, the vagina contains both good (beneficial) and bad (harmful) bacteria, and the good bacteria keep the harmful bacteria in control. When this delicate balance is upset, dangerous bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, can grow and cause BV.

There are several factors that can increase the likelihood of getting bacterial vaginosis:

- Sexual activity: Women who engage in sexual activity, particularly with several partners, are more likely to develop BV. However, BV is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) since it can occur in women who have not had sexual contact.

- Vaginal douching: Douching, or cleaning the vagina with water or other substances, upsets the normal balance of bacteria and can lead to BV.

- Hormonal changes: Changes in hormone levels, such as those experienced during menstruation or pregnancy, can result in the development of BV.

- Intrauterine devices (IUDs): According to some research, women who use IUDs for contraception may be at a slightly greater risk of getting BV.

Symptoms

Bacterial vaginosis can be asymptomatic in some cases, meaning women may not experience any noticeable symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:

- Vaginal discharge: The discharge is usually thin, white, or grey in color and has a recognizable fishy odor, especially after sexual activity or washing the genital area.

- Vaginal odor: One of the defining indications of BV is a "fishy" stench that is particularly prominent after periods of sweating or cleaning.

- Itching and irritation in the vaginal area: Some women may feel mild itching or irritation in the vaginal area.

It is critical not to self-diagnose based only on symptoms, as other vaginal illnesses, such as yeast infections or STIs, might manifest similarly. If you think you have BV or suffer from any new symptoms, seek a thorough diagnosis and treatment from a healthcare specialist.

Complications

While bacterial vaginosis is not typically considered to be a serious medical problem, it can lead to certain consequences if left untreated. Pregnant women with BV are more likely to have a premature delivery, a low birth weight, and postpartum infections. Additionally, BV can increase susceptibility to STDs, such as HIV, if exposed to the infection.

Diagnosis

A healthcare professional is likely to perform a pelvic exam and collect a sample of vaginal discharge for testing to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. In some cases, a pH test may be performed as well. A vaginal pH level greater than 4.5 is frequently related to BV.

Treatment

Antibiotics are the primary therapy for bacterial vaginosis, and they can be taken orally or used as vaginal creams or gels. Metronidazole and clindamycin are two commonly used antibiotics. Even if symptoms improve, it is critical to finish the entire course of antibiotics to remove the infection completely.

Prevention

Even though not all cases of BV may be avoided, a few lifestyle changes and habits may help minimize the risk of infection:

- Practice safe sex: Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce the likelihood of BV and protect against other STIs.

- Avoid douching: Do not use vaginal douches since they disturb the normal vaginal environment.

- Limit antibiotic use: Avoid using antibiotics that are unnecessary since they can disrupt the balance of vaginal flora.

- Choose cotton underwear: To encourage better airflow and minimize moisture in the vaginal area, use cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothes.

The bottom line

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal disease caused by a bacterial imbalance. While there may not always be obvious symptoms, a fishy odor and abnormal discharge are common. BV can be easily diagnosed and effectively managed with antibiotics. Practicing safe sex, avoiding douching, and adopting healthy hygiene practices can help to lower the probability of BV. If you think you have BV or have other abnormal vaginal symptoms, get medical help as soon as possible for correct diagnosis and treatment. Remember that maintaining your vaginal health is an important element of overall wellness.